What Is HPV
HPV (human papillomavirus) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in Canada and globally. Most sexually active adults will acquire at least one HPV type during their lifetime. The majority of HPV infections clear on their own without causing lasting harm. Certain HPV types are associated with genital warts and increased risk of some cancers.
HPV Vaccination in Canada
Safe and effective HPV vaccines protect against the most common high-risk HPV types. All Canadian provinces and territories offer publicly funded HPV vaccination programs, typically delivered through school-based programs. Adults who were not vaccinated as adolescents may ask their healthcare provider about catch-up vaccination options.
Testing and Cervical Screening
There is no routine HPV test for most people in Canada. Cervical screening (Pap smear or HPV-based test, depending on province and age) detects HPV-related cell changes in people with a cervix. Follow your provincial cervical screening guidelines — intervals and test types vary by province.
Reducing Risk
HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin sexual contact. Condom use reduces but does not eliminate risk. Vaccination, where available and appropriate, provides the most effective prevention against the highest-risk HPV types. This is general information — discuss your personal situation with a healthcare provider.
LGBTQ+ Context
HPV affects people regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Gay and bi men who have sex with men may have specific considerations regarding HPV risk and vaccination. For LGBTQ+ specific sexual health information and resources, see our LGBTQ+ Sexual Health in Canada guide.